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Nepal, particularly Kathmandu Valley, faces significant air quality challenges due to rapid urbanization, increasing vehicle emissions, brick kilns, and geographical factors that trap pollutants. The valley's bowl-shaped topography restricts air movement, especially during winter when temperature inversions occur.
Winter months (Nov-Feb) typically have the worst air quality in Nepal due to temperature inversions, increased burning, and dry conditions.
Areas like Ratnapark, Kalanki, and Koteshwor in Kathmandu often record dangerously high pollution levels during peak hours.
Many rural Nepali households still use biomass fuels for cooking and heating, contributing to severe indoor air pollution.
Approximately 30% of Kathmandu's children suffer from respiratory issues linked to poor air quality.