Air Quality - Nepal

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Air Quality in Nepal

Nepal, particularly Kathmandu Valley, faces significant air quality challenges due to rapid urbanization, increasing vehicle emissions, brick kilns, and geographical factors that trap pollutants. The valley's bowl-shaped topography restricts air movement, especially during winter when temperature inversions occur.

Key Air Quality Issues in Nepal

Seasonal Variation

Winter months (Nov-Feb) typically have the worst air quality in Nepal due to temperature inversions, increased burning, and dry conditions.

Urban Hotspots

Areas like Ratnapark, Kalanki, and Koteshwor in Kathmandu often record dangerously high pollution levels during peak hours.

Indoor Pollution

Many rural Nepali households still use biomass fuels for cooking and heating, contributing to severe indoor air pollution.

Vulnerable Populations

Approximately 30% of Kathmandu's children suffer from respiratory issues linked to poor air quality.

Nepal Air Pollution: By The Numbers

Global Ranking

7thNepal ranks 7th among countries with the worst air quality in the world (2023 World Air Quality Report).

Annual Deaths

42,100Annual premature deaths in Nepal attributed to air pollution (Nepal Health Research Council, 2023).

Winter PM2.5

187 µg/m³Average PM2.5 concentration during winter mornings in Kathmandu (5x WHO guideline limits).
Nepal Air Quality Index
Data last updated: April 20, 2025 at 10:45 AM